National revolt in Portugal

In 1640, Portugal had been under the domination of Spanish kings for 60 years, since the fall of the Aviz dynasty in 1578. However, in 1640, the Portuguese rose up in revolt and started a long liberation war against Spain. A long 24 years struggle, along with Spanish defeat in the Thirty Years War (1648), peace with France (1659) would lead to a renewed independence for Portugal, under the new Braganza dynasty, which would turn to Stuart England as an ally and protector (marriage of Catherine of Braganza with Charles II and transfer of Bombay to England as a dowry).