The Protestant Rebellion in Hungary

Religious antagonism played an important part when war between the empire and the Turks broke out again in 1591. In the so-called Long War, imperial troops entered Transylvania, and their commander, George Basta, behaved there and in northern Hungary with such insane cruelty toward the Hungarian Protestants that a Transylvanian general, István Bocskay, formerly a Habsburg supporter, revolted. His army of wild hajduks drove out Basta, and in June 1606 Bocskay concluded with Rudolf the Peace of Vienna, which left him prince of an enlarged Transylvania and also guaranteed the rights of the Protestants of Royal Hungary.