Russian claims on Poland-Lithuania

Ivan IV of Russia had extended the borders of his homeland far to the South and the East, but had met with strong resistance in the West, in particular in Livonia. Wars with Poland, Lithuania (then a part of Poland) and even Sweden would last till 1583. Poland had annexed Lithuania in 1569 and, after many defeats at the hands of the Polish army, Ivan had to sign a peace treaty in 1582 where he lost all his previous western territorial gains. Enmity between the two countries would remain high, culminating with the Polish occupation of Moscow (1610) during the Time of Troubles (1598-1618).