Turko-Polish Tension

Poland and the Ottoman Empire came into conflict in the 1670s and 80s when the Cossacks in the Polish part of the divided Ukraine submitted to the Ottoman Empire and called for Tatar aid against Poland. Victories won by hetman Jan Sobieski only temporarily forestalled the threat, and in 1672 the Commonwealth faced a major invasion by the Ottoman Empire. The fall of the key border fortress Kamieniec Podolski was followed by the humiliating Peace of Buczacz. In 1683 Sobieski led a relief army to Vienna, besieged by the Ottomans, and as supreme commander of the allied forces won a resounding victory that marked the beginning of Ottoman withdrawal from Europe.